测绘中英文翻译外文资料

ConstructionofDigitalMineandKeyTechnologies

ABSTRACT

InChina,themineisfacingasternchallengeoveritsenvironmentalprotection,thelimitationonitsstructureandfunctionwithinitssubsystem,optimizationofitslimitedmanpower,financialandmaterialresourcesanditssustainabledevelopment.Digitalmineiscomeupwithtodealwithalltheseproblems.TheDigitalMinecanbelikento“alogisticssupplychain”,thebasiccharacteristicisthehigh-speednetwork,withbroadbandandtwo-waycommunicationsystem,usedas“pathmap”,whichshallmakesurethefastdeliveryofallthedatewithinalltherelevantenterprisesinthecountry;Itconsistsofvehicles,whichreferstothetechnicsofMineCAD,virtualreality,minesimulation,scientificcalculation,artificialintelligence,visualizationandofficeautomation;goods,whichreferstominedataandmindapplicationmodel;package,whichrefersto3DGM(3-DimensionalGeographicalModel)anddatamining;securitysystem,whichreferstothecollectionandrenewalsystemofminedata;anddispatchingsystem,whichreferstoMGIS(MineGeographicalInformationSystem),thecommoncarrieroftheentireinformationandofficedecisions,controllingtheuseandoperationofallvehiclesaswellasallofthegoodsproductionandthepackagesystem.ThebasicstructureoftheDigitalMineiscomposedoftwoparts:digitalgroundanddigitalmine.ThedigitalgroundisamanagementinformationsystembasedontheEPR(EnterpriseResourcePlanning)andspatialinformationinfrastructureandinformationsystembasedon3Stechnologyandcomputernetwork.Thedigitalmineregardstheminegeologyandsurveyingdataasbasicinformationdataforspatialpositioning,furthermore,inputtingotherrelevantinformationifnecessary,suchasminingworking-face,excavatingworking-face,undergroundchamber,mechanicalandelectronicequipments,ventilationandsafetydevice,undergroundpipelineandcommunicationandothers,formingaspatialdatabase.Thus,theentiremine’sinformationsystemofmanagementandserviceanddecisionsupportsystemisestablished.TheDigitalMineisahugesystematicproject,involving3S(GIS,GPS,RS),IT(Informationtechnology),minescience,virtualrealitytechnologyandvisualizationtechnology.Basedoncomputersandnetworkcommunication,theDigitalminerealizesthedigitizationofstoring,transporting,expressingandapplyingofalltherelevantspatialdataandttributedata,includingmineconstruction,exploration,development,mining,environmentalprotectionandcontrol.Inaddition,itisalsoahugeartificialdigitalintellectualsystemthatintegratesdigitalmining,digitaldigitalconstruction,exploration,environmentalprotectionanddigitalforecastingbasedondatadictionarytechnology,datawarehousetechnology,WebGIS,virtualrealitytechnology,multimediatechnology,CASEtechnologyandartificialintelligencetechnology.Keywords:digitalmine;datadictionary;datawarehouse;WebGIS;virtualreality;multimedia;artificialintelligenceINTRODUCTION

Thedigitalmineisintegrationunderstandinganddigitizedreconstructionofrealmine&relevantphenomenon,itaimshigh-efficient,safeandgreenminingformineralresource,whichguaranteesustainablegrowthmineeconomic,alsoguaranteeecologicalstabilityofminenaturalenvironment,andthenrealizethesustainability,stability,harmoniousofthewholeminesystem,itisapartofdigitalminingarea,digitalearth.Constructingdigitalmineisacomplicatedsystemengineering,whichneedusethesedisciplinessuchasinformation,geography,mine,computer,mathematics,mechanics,surveyingandmapping,geomatics.etc.atpresent,thestudyondigitalmineisontheprimarystage,itstargetisparticularapplication,tillnow,digitalminehassetupsomeregional,single-functiontechnologicalsystem,forinstance,minegeology&surveyinginformationsystem.Withthedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,constructingdigitalmine,realizinginformationizationanddigitizationofmineenterprisesbecomebasicstrategyofmineenterprise'ssustainabledevelopment.Tillnow,regardingresearchofdigitalmine,eachscholarhasstudiedthefunctionintensionofdigitalminefromifferentsides.Ithinkdigitalmineshouldpossessthesefollowingfunctions:①overalldigitizedfordatarelatedtomine(hereafterreferredtoasminedata).Functionincludesminedataacquisition,minedatamemory,mineataretrieval,minedatatransform,minedatatransmissionandalternatevisitetc.;②using“3S”technology,multimedia,artificialintelligencetechnology,WebGIStechnology,virtualrealitytechnologytorealize3Ddisplayoforebodyandmineandmonitordulyminingwork,realizeartificialintelligence,checkandassessmineralstackimpactonenvironmentetc.;③withthehelpofcomputertechnology,networktechnology.etc.Digitalmineshouldbecapableofrealizingminedatarelease,updating,shareandexchangebetweendifferentdepartments,minedataofthesametradeintime;④Digitalmineshouldhavefunctionsofpredicting,appraising,analyzingetc.,whichcanofferpolicymakingandoptimizationschemeformacroscopicstrategyofthegovernmentdepartment,drawingupthesellingpricesofenterprises,etc.1.CONCEPTOFDIGITALMINE

Digitalmineregardsminesystemasprototype,regardsgeographicalcoordinateasreferencesystem,regardsminescienceandtechnology,informationscience,artificialintelligenceandcalculationscienceastheoreticalfoundation,regardshigh-newmineobservationtechnologyandnetworktechnologyastechnologicalsupport,establishingaseriesofdifferentlevelsprototype,systemfield,materialmodel,mechanicsmodel,mathematicalmodel,informationmodelandcomputermodel,usingmultimediaandsimulation&virtualrealitytechnologytoexpressmultidimensionalinformation,atthesametime,itisatechnologicalsystempossessinghighresolution,magnanimitydata,variousdatafusionandwiththecharacteristicofspace,digitization,internalization,intelligenceandvisualization.Itisvirtualmineofinformationization,digitization,usingthemethodofinformationization&digitalizationtoresearchandreconstructmine,afteraccomplishmentofdigitalmine,theinformationinvolvinginthewholeminesystemcanbeunderstoodfullyataglance,especiallyregardinginformationconnectionbetweenmultiplebodiesandlawofinteraction.Theconceptofdigitalminecanbegraspedfromtwoaspects.ononehand,inherentinformationofdigitalmineisdigitized(namely,fixedinformationrelatedtospatialpositiondirectly,suchastopographyontheground,geologyundertheshaft,minescheme,completedengineeringundertheshaft,andsoon),andbuilddigitalmineaccordingtothree-dimensionalcoordinate,whichportraymineandorebodyoverall;ontheotherhand，allrelevantinformationisimbeddedtomakeupamultidimensionaldigitalmineinmoreextensivemeaning.(i.e.relativechangeinformationrelatedtospatialpositionindirectly,suchasmanagementofreserves,electromechanicalmanagement,personnelmanagement,productionmanagement,technicalmanagement,etc.),Fig.1showsitsstructureandinteraction:Accordingtotheabove-mentionedanalysis,digitalmineshouldinclude4layers.(1)Dataadministrationlayer:itliesinthefirstlayerinthesystem,alsoinlowestlayerofthewholesystem，whichisresponsibleforthecollection,memory,preprocessing，transform，inquiry，retrieval，transmission，crossvisitofthedataanddataoutput,providingthesupportofthedataforotherlayers.Soitisfoundationanddatasourceofthewholesystem.(2)Modellayer:itliesinthesecondlayerinthesystem,whichincludesdesignednewmodelandapplicationofvariousgivengeologicalmodel,mathematicalmodel,appraisingandpredictingmodel,etc.forinstance,thetonnageandgrademodelofmineraldeposit,reservescalculationmodel,andsoon.Andsomemodelsneedbedesignedandsetupinthecourseofpracticalapplication,forexample,thethree-dimensionalgeologicalbodyhasfracture,becausethereisnoready-mademodel,theusersmustdesignandbuildmodelagain.Thislayeroffersmodelingmethodanddatasupportforconstructingnewmodelandapplyinggivenmodel.(3)Technologiesandmethodslayer:thethirdlayerinthesystem.Itreferstoapplyingvariousnewandhightechnologiestorealizethethree-dimensiondisplayofthemineandorebody,realtimesupervisiononminingwork,artificialintelligenceandexaminationandassessmentoforepileupandimpactonenvironmentonthebasisofmodellayer(4)Managementandapplicationlayer:inoutermostlayerofthesystem.itincludesMISandofficeautomation,thelong-rangerenewal,shareandexchangeofdata;Inaddition,relevantanalysisandpredictioncanbecarriedoutdependingonvariousinformationandprocesseddataderivedfromotherlayer,whichofferthedecisionsupportofeachlevelforpolicymaker2.ESSENTIALFEATURESANDBASICSTRUCTUREOFDIGITALMINE

Essentialfeaturesofdigitalmineinclude:①digitalmineregardshigh-speedenterprisenetworkas“theroutechart”.Andbroadband,high-speed,two-waycommunicationnetworkisgradualsetuptoguaranteethefasttransmissionofminedatainthenetworkofminingindustrybetweenenterprisesandprovinces;②itregardshighandnewtechnologies,suchasminingCAD,virtualreality,miningstimulation,scientificcalculation,artificialintelligence,visualizationandofficeautomation,as“thevehicle”,whichintegratesmanyvarietiesofdataandinformation;③digitalmineregardsminingindustrydataandminingindustryapplicationmodelas“goods”,andthecoreofdigitalmineisthedatawarehouse;④itregards3DGM(three-dimensiongeographysciencemodel)andthedataminingas“package”,andregardstheacquisition&renewalsystemofminingindustrydataas“security”,andregardsMGISas“deployment”.digitalmineispubliccarrierforthewholemineinformationandofficedecision,whichdeploysandcontrolstheuseofallkindsof“vehicles”,themanufactureofallkindsof“goods”.Thebasicstructureofdigitalminecanberoughlydividedintotwomajorparts:“digitalground”and“digitalshaft”.DigitalMineInherentinformationdigitalizationRelativechangeinformationdigitalizationroundtopographicmapUndergroundGeologyMiningprogramOthersReservesManagementMechatronicsManagementPersonnelManagementProductionManagementOthersTheformeriscomposedoftwosystems:oneismanagementinformationsystemofperson,property,matterandprocess(suchasthefinancialaffairs,goodsandmaterials,marketing)basedonERP(EnterpriseResourcePlanning);theotherisspatialinformationinfrastructureandinformationsystembasedon“3S”technologyandcomputernetworktechnology.“digitalshaft”regardsgeologyofcoalmineandsurveyingdataasbasicinformationdataforspatialpositioning,whichcanformspatialdatabaseaftertheseparametersandinformation,suchascoalface,leadingfaceofexcavation,roominthepit,electromechanicalfacilityofshaft,ventilationsafetydevices,pipelineinthepit,communicationandotherinformationrelatedtoshaft,areinputintothesystem.Onthisbasis,management,serviceanddecision-makinginformationsystemofthewholemineissetup.Fig.3showsthebasicstructuresandinterrelationofigitalmine.3.KEYTECHNOLOGIESTODIGITALMINE

Therealizationofdigitalmineinvolvesnumerousdisciplinesandknowledge,theymainlyinclude:thedata’dynamicacquisitionandrealtimeupdatingtechnology,dataprocessingandinformationextractiontechnology,spatialdatawarehousetechnology,spatialdatamodelingtechnology,virtualrealityandstimulationtechnology,networktechnology,etc.asshowninFig4,theresearchonthesetechnologysystemsandtheirintegrationmodeisthekeytotherealizationofdigitalmine.obviously,dataacquisitionisthedatasourceofdigitalminesystem,datamanagementisthefoundationofdigitalminesystem,datamodelingandspatialanalysisarethecoreofdigitalminesystem,visualizationreleaseofdistributednetworkisimportantexpressionofdigitalmine.3.1three-dimensionalspatialdataacquisitionDataacquisitionisthemostbasicworkforestablishingdigitalminesystem,andaccuracyofthedatadeterminesdirectlytheaccuracyofdatamodelandspatialanalysis.Minedataacquisitionfocusesongeologicalexploitationdata,minesurveyingdata,miningengineeringdata,etc.duetothecharacteristicofmultiplesources,soeffectivecombinationandsuperpositionshouldbeconductedaccordingtodatamodelandstructure,whichguaranteesqualityandquantityofthedatatoreachoptimum.Exceptfortraditionalsurveying,electronicsurveying,geologicaldrilling,etc.,thethree-dimensionalspatialdataacquisitionofmineincludesnewmethodsinthefollowing.3.2distributedspatialdatabaseandnetworkGIStechnologyDistributeddatabaseanddistributedprocessingisthedevelopmenttrend.Everyspecializeddepartmentofminemayestablishprofessionaldatabaseinordertobringthespecialskillindataacquisition,updating,processingintofullplayandavoidmanagementdifficultyandthenetwork.Jamcausedbythecentralizedtypesystem.Thesedispersivecomputersarelinkedintoamultiplecomputersystemthroughinterconnectionnetwork,whichadoptthedistributedcomputingtechnologyandinteroperationtechnologytorealizetheresource-sharing.HypermedianetworkGIS(WebGIS)andinteroperationnorm(OpenGIS)arethetoolstorealizedistributedcalculationandinteroperationbetweenhomogenoussystem(thesamesoftwareplatform)andheterogeneoussystem(thedifferentsoftwareplatform)respectively.3.3datamodelanddatastructureDigitalmineisatypicalmultidimensionaldynamicsystem.Forthesakeofabstractingandexpressingrealmine,spatial-temporaldatabasemustbedevelopedtodescribecomplexgeographicalphenomenonwhichisdynamicandreal-time.Thespatialdatastructuredevelopsonthebasisofspatialdatamodel,whichistheconventionalconnotationofasoftwaresystem,anditindicates“thesetofdataelementsofcertainstructure”.inordertobuildspatial-temporaldatamodelof“digitalmine”,thespatial-temporaldatastructureshouldbeadoptedtoexpressitaccurately.Inthisrespectofdatamodelofthree-dimensionalspace,tillnow,numerousresearcheshavebeencarriedoutbothathomeandabroad,andmanykindsofthree-dimensionaldatamodelhavebeenproposed.Generallyspeaking,datamodelcandividedintoplanemodel,bodymodelandmixedmodel.Thespatialobjectofminehasthefollowingharacteristics:①greatcomplexityofthegeometryandspatialrelationship;②uncertaintyofgeometrycharacteristicandinternalattributechange.Whenthree-dimensionaldatamodelanddatastructureofgeology-orientedmineisresearched,atfirst,thesecharacteristicsmustbeenenoughunderstood,thus,themostsuitableexpressionmodeandmodelingmethodcanbeenachieved.3.4dynamicanalogandartificialintelligencetechnologyThefunctionofdigitalmineisnotmerelyinformationmanagement,themoreimportantoneistopossesscommandinganddecisionmakingfunctions.Digitalmineregardsthedatawarehouseandhigh-speednetworkassupport,anduseartificialintelligencetechnologiessuchasdataminingandknowledgediscovery,expertsystemtorealizedecisionsupportfunctionincludingproductiondeploymentcommand,resourceforecasting,environmentalprotectioncountermeasure,securitywarningandemergencyprocessing,theeffectivenessisthesignofthesuccessfulapplicationofdigitalmine.4.CONCLUSIONS

Digitalmineregardscomputerandnetworkasthekeymeanstorealizeacquisition，memory,transmission,expression,deepprocessingofmineinformationandtheapplicationinproduction,managementandpolicymaking,whichishugesystemcomposedofmanyinterrelatedsoftwareandhardwaresub-system.Theconstructionofdigitalmineisalong-termtask,whichinvolvesmanynewandhightechnologies,sounremittingeffortsneedbemade.Atpresent,takingthecomplexityofthesystemintoconsideration,enterprisesofminegenerallyadopttheprincipleof“designoftoplayer,gradualdivision,planningstagebystage,realizationsubsystembysubsystem”.Intheconstructionofdigitalmine,duetointerrelationbetweensubsystems,somesubsystemsneedothersystemstoactasthefoundationoraccessory,forexample,theautomaticdeploymentsystemofopencutmineisbestassistedbycorrespondingmodelsystem,relevantoptimizationsystemsandauxiliarydesignsystem.iftheconstructionisindependent,useefficiencyandbenefitwillinfluencedgreatly.Ingeneral,thesystemlocatedinlowlayerandrelativeindependentsystemshouldhaveprioritytobebuilt,suchasdatabaseandadministrationsystem,modelsystem,auxiliarydesignsystemandadministrationsystem.Now,somesoftwareneededintheconstructionofdigitalminemaybuyready-madeproductsatthedomesticandabroad,butthemajoritysoftwareofthedigitalminingsystemneedbedeveloped.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ThisworkwasfundedbyNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(Item:40771143)andNaturalScienceFoundationofXuzhouNormalUniversity(Item:08XLS03).REFERENCES

[1]ShueySA.Miningtechnolonyfor21stcentury:INCOdigsdeepinSudhurv.E&MJ-China,2:7-11(1999).[2]Udoh,EmmanuelE,Applyingdatabasetechnologyintheintegrationofengineeringsoftwaremodules,ProceedingsoftheEighthIASTEDInternationalConferenceonSoftwareEngineeringandApplications,ProceedingsoftheEighthIASTEDInternationalConferenceonSoftwareEngineeringandApplications,30-33(2004).[3]WuLixin,YinZuoyu,ZhongYaping.Discussionondigitalmineagain:characteristic,frameworkandkeytechnology,JournalofChinaCoalSociety,28(1):1-7(2003)[4]WuLixin.digitalearth,digitalchinaanddigitalmine,MineSurveying,1:6-9(2000).[5]WuLixin,YinZuoyu,DengZhiyi.Discussionthemineof21stdigitalmine,JournalofChinaCoalSociety,25(4):337-342(2000).[6]WangQing,WuHuicheng,NiuJingkao.Functionsandsystemformationofdigitalmine,ChineseMineIndustry,13(1):7-10(2004).[7]LiMei,MaoShanjun.3DGISkeytechnologyofdigitalmine,CoalScienceandTechnology,32(8):44-48(2004).[8]YangMing,WangYunjia.Minedatawarehousetechnologybasedondatamining,MetalMine,2:47-50(2004).[9]WULi-xin.ProgressofDigitalMineinChina[J].GeomaticsWorld,5:58-62(2008)[10]WULi-xin.DigitalWorld,5:1-6(2008)[11]LuoLi.DiscussionontheCharacteristicsandConstructionofDigitalMine[J].MetalMine,5:69-74(2009)MineinChinaisQuickDeveloping[J].Geomatics[12]LIBaiping,ZHAOAnxin,LUJianjun.Systemstructuralmodelofdigitizedmine[J].JournalofLiaoningTechnicalUniversity(NaturalScience),6:115-119(2008)[13]SUNXiao-yu,WANGBing-ying,LIUJian-guo.Explorationandpracticeofdigitalmineconstruction[J].OpencastMiningTechnology,6:25-29(2008)

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